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Book : Systems Engineering for Commercial Aircraft (1997)

Summary

From the publisher:

The key principle of systems engineering, a process now becoming widely applied in the commercial aircraft industry, is that an aircraft should be considered as a whole and not as a collection of parts. Another principle is that the requirements for the aircraft and its subsystems emanate from a logical set of organized functions and from economic or customer-oriented requirements as well as the regulatory requirements for certification. The resulting process promises to synthesize and validate the design of aircraft which are higher in quality, better meet customer requirements and are most economical to operate.

This book aims to provide the reader with the information to apply the systems engineering process to the design of new aircraft, derivative aircraft and to change–based designs. The principles of this book are applicable to passenger and cargo carrying aircraft and to commuter and business aircraft. It explains the principles of systems engineering in understandable terms, but does not attempt to educate the reader in the details of the process.

Incorporating the latest thinking by FAA and JAA to utilize the systems engineering in the aircraft certification process, the author shows how current guidelines for certification of systems with software are in agreement with its main principles. These in turn can be applied at three levels: the aviation system, the aircraft as a whole and the aircraft subsystem levels.

By providing guidelines for managing a commercial aircraft development using the principles of systems engineering, the book will enable engineers and managers to see the work they do in a new light. Whether developing a new aircraft from scratch or simply modifying a subsystem, they will be assisted to see their product from a functional point of view and thus to develop new vehicles which are better, cheaper and safer than before.

The readership includes the aircraft industry, suppliers and regulatory communities: especially technical, program and procurement managers; systems, design and specialty engineers (human factors, reliability, safety, etc); students of aeronautical and systems engineering and technical management; and government agencies such as FAA and JAA.

Content / Structure

1 Introduction

• 1.1 Definition of a System
• 1.2 Definition of Systems Engineering
• 1.3 Historical Background
• 1.4 Overview of this Book and Its Themes
• 1,5 Roadmap for Applying SE to Commercial Aircraft

2 Commercial Aircraft

• 2.1 The Commercial Aircraft Industry
• 2.2 Levels of SE Application
• 2.3 Aircraft Architecture
• 2.4 Advanced TEchnologies on Aircraft
• 2.5 Aircraft Manufacturing Processes

3 Functional Analysis

• 3.1 The SE Life-Cycle Functions
• 3.2 Aircraft System Level Functions
• 3.3 Aircraft Level Functions
• 3.4 Functional Aspects of Safety

4 Requirements

• 4.1 Requirements Definition
• 4.2 Requirement Types
• 4.3 Requirement Development
• 4.4 Requirements Sources
• 4.5 Requirements Allocation to System Elements
• 4.6 Derived Requirements
• 4.7 The Principle of Top-Down Allocation
• 4.8 Requirements Trade-Offs
• 4.9 Requirements Categories for Certification

5 Constraints and Specialty Requirements

• 5.1 Regulatory Requirements
• 5.2 Mass Properties
• 5.3 Dimensions
• 5.4 Reliability
• 5.5 Human Factors
• 5.6 Environments
• 5.7 Maintainability
• 5.8 Design Standards
• 5.9 Emitted Noise
• 5.10 Emitted Electromagnetioc Interference (EMI)
• 5.11 Cost
• 5.12 Transportability
• 5.13 Flexibility and Expansion
• 5.14 Producability

6 Interfaces

• 6.1 Functional Interfaces
• 6.2 Physical Interfaces
• 6.3 External Interfaces
• 6.4 Internal Interfaces
• 6.5 Interface Management
• 6.6 The Interface Control Drawing (ICD)
• 6.7 Development Fixtures (DFs)
• 6.8 The N2 Diagram
• 6.9 Interface Requirements
• 6.10 Interface Verification

7 Synthesis

• 7.1 Aircraft Architecture
• 7.2 Initial Concept
• 7.3 Trade-Off Studies
• 7.4 Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
• 7.5 Safety Features
• 7.6 Introduction of New Technologies
• 7.7 Preliminary Design

8 Top-Level Synthesis

• 8.1 The Aircraft System
• 8.2 Top-Level Aircraft Sizing
• 8.3 Other Top-Level Requirements
• 8.4 System Architecture
• 8.5 Top-Level Constraints
• 8.6 Economic Constraints
• 8.7 Top-Level Trade-Offs

9 Subsystem Synthesis

• 9.1 Environmental Segment
• 9.2 Avionics Segment
• 9.3 Electrical Segment
• 9.4 Interiors Segment
• 9.5 Mechanical Segment
• 9.6 Propulsion Segment
• 9.7 Auxiliary Segment (ATA 49)
• 9.8 Airframe Segment
• 9.9 Allocation to Software
• 9.10 Subsystem Constraints

10 Certification, Safety and Software

• 10.1 Certification
• 10.2 Safety
• 10.3 Software Development and Certification

11 Verification

• 11.1 The Verification Matrix
• 11.2 Traditional SE Verification
• 11.3 Verification of Regulatory Requirements
• 11.4 Verification of Customer Requirements
• 11.5 Verification Sequence
• 11.6 System Validation

12 Systems Engineering Management and Control

• 12.1 Introducing the Process
• 12.2 Management Responsibilities
• 12.3 The Chief Systems Engineer
• 12.4 Integrated Product Development (IPD)
• 12.5 Design Reviews
• 12.6 Documentation
• 12.7 Automated Requirements Tools
• 12.8 Technical Performance Measurment (TPM)
• 12.9 Software Management
• 12.10 Supplier Management
• 12.11 Configuration Management
• 12.12 Integration Planning
• 12.13 Organizational Safety
• 12.14 Risk Management

Final Comments

Appendix 1 The Mathematics of Reliability Allocation

• A1.1 Basic Reliability
• A1.2 Allocation for Generally Similar Components
• A1.3 Allocation for Generally Different Components
• A1.4 Redundancy
• A1.5 The Whole Airplane

Appendix 2 Example Commercial Specification Outline

• A2.1 Scope
• A2.2 Applicable Documents
• A2.3 Requirements
• A2.4 Verification
• A2.5 Preparation for Delivery
• A2.6 Notes
• A2.7 Appendices

Appendix 3 Systems Engineering Automated Tools

• A3.1 Features of Automated SE Tools
• A3.2 Benefits of Automated SE Tools

Bibliography

Acronyms, Abbreviations and Symbols

Glossary

Copyright Scott Jackson 1977

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• Systems Engineering for Commercial Aircraft by Scott Jackson (Ashgate Publishing)

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